Earthquake Preparedness Manual

Because the Lower Mainland is situated very close to a major fault line, it is inevitable that a major earthquake will hit us at some indeterminate time in the future. Similar earthquakes in Kobe (Japan), Mexico City and San Francisco have had devastating effects: severe property damage, fires burning out of control, and heavy casualties.

The key to surviving such a catastrophe is preparation. Knowing what to do in an emergency situation, and having the supplies and equipment to do it, will increase your family’s chance of surviving the “Big One”. Estimates on how long basic services will be non-functional range from 72 hours to several months. You and your co-workers or family will be on your own.

This package is designed to help DVM employees and their families plan what to do in the event of an emergency. It is primarily geared toward earthquakes, but the planning you and your family do now will be of benefit when and if any disaster strikes.

II. Earthquake Preparation

Keep this information in an accessible location (e.g., behind a calendar). An information summary can be found in the phone book. (white pages).

Have and know how to use a fire extinguisher.

Know how to shut off gas, hydro and water.

Keep an inventory of emergency supplies and equipment (outlined later in this package) in an easily-accessible, damage-resistant location. Remember, the earthquake could strike while you are at home, at work or in your vehicle.

Have a meeting with your family at least once a year to update your emergency plan, and to determine what training, equipment and supplies are needed. Occasional drills will assure quick reaction and help you to avoid panic and injury in an emergency situation.

Arrange for an out-of-town contact for your family, and have everyone keep the number with them at all times.

Tell your children to remain calm, obey the teachers and assure them that you will get to them as soon as possible.

Keep a list of all insurance policies, valuables, important papers and financial information in a safe place (e.g., safety deposit box or personal safe) to speed up the insurance claim process. Include photos of all family members. Videotape or photograph your home and contents. Personal property will be hard to remember in the aftermath of a disaster.

Preparedness Information Sheet

Location Of Important Items :

First Aid Kit ___________________________________________________

Gas Valve ___________________________________________________

Tools ___________________________________________________

Main Water Valve ___________________________________________________

Main Circuit Breaker ___________________________________________________

Other Utilities ___________________________________________________

Fire Extinguisher ___________________________________________________

Flashlight/batteries ___________________________________________________

Portable Radio ___________________________________________________

Emergency Supplies ___________________________________________________

Meeting Place ___________________________________________________

Alternate Location ___________________________________________________

Vital Document Storage _________________________________________________

Out of Town Contact ___________________________________________________

Name Phone Number

Other Important Numbers : (In a time of disaster, use your phone for emergencies only)

Police __________________________________________________

Fire Department __________________________________________________

Ambulance __________________________________________________

Family Doctor __________________________________________________

Parents’ Work __________________________________________________

Other Important Numbers – cont’d

Gas Company __________________________________________________

Water Company __________________________________________________

Hydro __________________________________________________

Veterinary __________________________________________________

City Hall __________________________________________________

Credit Card Company __________________________________________________

Insurance Company ___________________________________________________

Children’s School ___________________________________________________

Medical I.D. Numbers __________________________________________________

III. Home Safety Suggestions

Secure water heater, refrigerator, bookshelves and other tall, heavy furniture to wall studs.

Move heavy items to lower shelves.

Install clips, latches and other locking devices on cabinet doors.

Remove or isolate flammable materials.

Do not place beds under windows.

Do not place heavy objects (paintings or mirrors) over your headboard.

Keep a flashlight and battery-powered radio near your bed.

Keep sturdy shoes in a convenient location. There will be broken glass everywhere.

Ensure that exit routes are kept clear.

Keep an ample supply of medications on hand.

Draw a plan of your home showing the location of utility cutoffs, the First Aid Kit, the fire extinguisher and the emergency supplies. Be sure everyone in your household is familiar with it. Show it to baby-sitters and house guests when you are going to be away.

IV. Evacuation

If you must evacuate, prominently display a message indicating where you can be found. Take with you:

First Aid Kit Baby and/or Pet Supplies

Important papers and cash Flashlight, radio and batteries

Sleeping bags and blankets Food and clothes

Toiletries and personal items Cards, games and a pen

Road map Water

V. Water

A. Storage

Plan to have about four gallons of water available for each member of the family (approximately a week’s supply) for drinking. Bathing, washing and cleaning up will take additional water.

In planning, consider the water that you have already stored: The water heater contains 20-30 gallons of useable water: ice cubes can be melted; if there are no chemicals in the holding tank of the toilet, there are a few gallons there that could be used. Do not waste water flushing until you know what your water situation will be.

I you have water pressure after an earthquake, start running some water into your bathtub. It can be stored here and purified later if needed for drinking. Water from hot tubs and swimming pools should only be used for purposes other than drinking (e.g., firefighting or cleaning).

B. Purification

Boiling: Boil vigorously for one to three minutes. To improve taste, pour from one clean container to another several times.

Purification Tablets: Available at any drugstore. Follow directions on the package.

Bleach Purification: You can use household liquid bleach to kill micro-organisms. Use only regular household liquid bleach that contains 5.25% sodium hypo chlorite. Do not use scented bleaches, coloursafe bleaches, or bleaches with added cleaners. Add household bleach to the water as indicated on the following table, shake vigorously and let stand for 30 minutes.

Amount of Water Amount of Bleach

Clear Water Cloudy Water

1 quart 2 drops 4 drops

1 gallon 8 drops 16 drops

5 gallons ½ tsp. 1 tsp.

C. Distillation

Distillation involves boiling water and then collecting the vapour that condenses back to water. The condensed vapour will not include salt and other impurities.

To distill, fill a pot halfway with water. Tie a cup to the handle on the pot’s lid so that the cup will hang right-side-up when the lid is upside down. (make sure the cup is not dangling into the water) and boil the water for 20 minutes. The water that drips from the lid into the cup is distilled.

VI. Storing Food

Many homes have pantry shelves that contain enough food to last for several days. Take inventory, and try not to let supplies run too low. Should you choose to maintain a separate shelf just for emergency use, date the cans and rotate them with the pantry supply so that they do not get old.

After an earthquake, use the food in the refrigerator first and then the food in the freezer. Even if you still have poser, subsequent aftershocks may cause outages. If you have a propane barbecue, keep an adequate amount of fuel in the tank for cooking (outdoors only!).

When storing food, consider:

the possibility that friends or relatives may have to depend on your hospitality if they are forced to evacuate their homes.

the special needs of infants, small children, pets and those in the family with special diets.

VII. Preparing the Children

Earthquakes can be a frightening experience for everyone. Your family may be able to minimize the emotional and physical effects by planning together and knowing what to expect in an earthquake. Adults should admit that fear of earthquakes is natural, and listen sympathetically to children without dwelling on this fear.

After an earthquake, it is best for children to be with their family. Children will also cope better if there is some routine and constructive activity such as helping to clean up the mess, playing with friends, returning to school, and so on. Make sure they know no to play in or around any damaged structures.

NOTE:

Check with your child’s school regarding the policy of releasing/not releasing students after a disaster. Is there a plan for getting your child home safely? Does the school have earthquake kits?

Provide the child and the school with your out-of-town contact number, as well as the address of a pre-arranged meeting place. You should also consider preparing an earthquake kit for your child to keep at school. Include in it photos of family members, a radio, a flashlight, a favourite toy or book and food bars.

VIII. After An Earthquake

General

Immediately put on sturdy shoes to avoid injury from stepping on glass and other debris.

Check for injuries and give first aid.

Check for fires and fire hazards.

Remove fallen objects from the stove.

If you smell gas or smoke , turn off the main gas valve. Do not turn lights on and off, light matches, or do anything else that causes a spark. Do not turn off the gas unless an emergency exists. Do not turn the gas back on until the gas company has checked it out. Carefully leave the house.

If damage to the electrical system is suspected , shut off power at the main circuit breaker. If water leaks are suspected, shut off water at the main.

After an Earthquake – General cont’d

Check neighbors for injury.

Turn on the radio to AM 690 (the designated emergency station) and listen for advisories.

Locate a light source if necessary.

Do not touch downed power lines or objects touched by downed wires.

Clean up potentially harmful materials.

The telephone handset will likely shake out of its cradle. Replace it, but do not use the phone (except for genuine emergencies such as those that are life threatening).

Change answering machine/voicemail greetings to advise callers you are all right.

Pay phones are on a different circuit than residential phones and may still be functioning. Have change on hand, and know the location of the nearest pay phone.

Check your house, including the roof and chimney, for damage. See if sewer lines are intact.

Gather emergency supplies, and any other items you can salvage.

Do not go sight-seeing.

Open closets and cupboards carefully, as heavy objects may fall out.

Cooperate with public safety officials.

Be prepared to evacuate when necessary.

Expect aftershocks, and prepare for the possibility that an even larger earthquake may follow.

VIII. After An Earthquake

Inventory of Damaged Items

Location	Item	Repair Estimate	Purchase Date	Cost	Replacement Estimate

Escape Plan

Draw the floor plan of your home.

Show alternate escape routes for each room.

Note emergency supplies.

Utility turn-off location.

Show outdoor meeting place.

List items to be taken if you havea few minutes (i.e. medication, important documents, car keys,photos)

IX. Helpful Hints to Survive an Earthquake

Area residents are aware of the potential of an earthquake creating damage and creating dangerous conditions. So if we don’t properly prepare, the next quake may cause greater personal damage than necessary. Each item listed below won’t stop the next earthquake, but it may help you survive in a better way.

4 Basics to do during an earthquake

STAY CALM

Inside: Stand in a doorway, or crouch under a desk or table, away from windows or glass dividers.

Outside: Stand away from buildings, trees, telephone and electric lines.

On the road: Drive away from underpasses/overpasses; stay in vehicle.

6 Basics to do after an earthquake

Check for injuries – provide first aid.

Check for safety – check for gas, water, sewer breaks; check for downed electric

lines and shorts; turn off appropriate utilities; check for building damage and potential safety problems during after shocks such as cracks around chimney and foundation.

Clean up dangerous spills.

Wear shoes.

Turn on radio and listen for instructions from public safety agencies.

Don’t use the telephone except for emergency use.

14 survival items to keep on hand

Portable radio with extra batteries.

Flashlight with extra batteries.

14 survival items to keep on hand – cont’d

First Aid Kit - including specific medicines needed for members of your household.

First Aid book.

Fire extinguisher

Adjustable wrench for turning off gas and water.

Smoke detector properly installed.

Portable fire escape ladder for homes/apartments with multiple floors.

Bottled water – sufficient for the number of members in your household.

Canned and dried foods sufficient for a week for each member of your household. Note: Both water and food should be rotated into normal meals of household so as to keep freshness. Canned goods have a normal shelf-life of one year for maximum freshness.

Non-electric can opener.

Portable stove such as butane or charcoal. Note: Use of such stoves should not take pace until it is determined that there is no gas leak in the area. Charcoal should be burned only out of doors. Use of charcoal indoors will lead to carbon monoxide poisoning.

Matches.

Telephone numbers of police, fire and doctor.

3 things you need to know

How to turn off gas, water and electricity.

First Aid

Plan for reuniting your family
The best survival is a prepared survival .

X. Family Disaster Plan and Personal Survival Guide

A. Home Emergency Supplies

This suggested list consists of items usually available in a home and used regularly. It is designed to help your family identify and organize them for any emergency. Quantities of emergency supplies should be adequate for at least 72 hours. A two week supply of water, food, medicine and other consumable items is recommended as a minimum reserve.

Survival

Water – 2 qts. to 1 gal. per person per day
First Aid Kit – ample and freshly stocked (Red Cross)
First Aid book (Red Cross)
Essential medications and glasses
Smoke detector, battery operated
Fire Extinguisher – Class A, B and C type
Escape ladder – for second story of home
Flashlight with spare batteries and bulb
Radio – portable, battery operated
Spare batteries
Food
Can opener (non-electric)
Food for pets
Blankets
Money
Watch or clock

Sanitation Supplies

Large plastic trash bags – for trash, waste, water-protection, ground cloth
Bar soap
Liquid detergent
Shampoo
Toothpaste and toothbrushes
Pre-moistened towelettes
Deodorant
Denture cleanser

Sanitation Supplies – cont’d

Feminine supplies
Toilet paper
Infant supplies
Powdered chlorinated lime- add to sewage to deodorize, disinfect and keep away insects
Newspaper – to wrap garbage and waste
Household bleach

Car Mini-Survival Kit

Sturdy shoes
Extra clothes/jeans/sweater
Bottled water
Local maps
First aid kit and book
Essential medications

Safety and Comfort

Sturdy shoes – for every family member
Heavy gloves – for every person clearing debris
Candles
Matches – dipped in wax and kept in a waterproof container
Clothes – complete change kept dry
Knife or razor blades
Garden hose – for siphoning and fire fighting
Tent
Hat or cap – protection from sun, rain or cold
Safety goggles - to protect eyes

Cooking

Barbeque – hibachi, camp stove, chafing dish, fireplace
Fuel for cooking equipment – charcoal, lighter fluid, presto logs, fuel for camp stove, etc.
Plastic knives, forks, spoons
Paper plates and cups
Paper towels
Heavy duty aluminum foil

Tools and Supplies

Crescent wrench – for turning off gas main
Axe
Shovel
Broom
Screwdriver
Pliers
Hammer
Coil of ½” rope
Coil of Baling wire
Plastic tape
Plastic sheeting
Pen and paper
Deck of cards, toys for children
Sealable plastic bags
Fire extinguisher, flares and flashlight
Short rubber hose
Non-perishable food
Blanket or sleeping bag
Pre-moistened towelettes and tissue paper

B. Keeping Track of Your Life

An emergency, such as an earthquake or as common as the loss of your purse or wallet, can strike at any time destroying your home or just wreak havoc with your life. The list below is to aid your speedy recovery in such an event. Use it to make an inventory of your possessions, important documents and numbers. An important list like this should be kept in a safe place, such as a safety deposit box. In a disaster, you’ll need to prove to your insurance adjusters exactly what was lost. You may wish to provide photos along with the list for easier replacement or identification. For valuable items, attach appraisals and receipts.

Insurance Policies (Include Riders)

Company Name Policy #

Auto____________________________________________________________________

Homeowners/Renters______________________________________________________

Cottage_________________________________________________________________

Boat/RV________________________________________________________________

Personal Life_____________________________________________________________

Company Life____________________________________________________________

Health__________________________________________________________________

Disability_______________________________________________________________

Travel__________________________________________________________________

Other___________________________________________________________________

Personal Papers

Wills___________________________________________________________________

Birth Certificate__________________________________________________________

Marriage Certificate_______________________________________________________

Divorce Decree___________________________________________________________

Adoption Papers__________________________________________________________

Diplomas________________________________________________________________

Social Insurance Card______________________________________________________

Property Title and Deeds:

Home:____________________________________________________________
Auto:_____________________________________________________________
Boat/RV:__________________________________________________________

Cottage:___________________________________________________________

Jewellery Appraisal:_______________________________________________________

Key Phone Numbers

Insurance Agent:_________________________________________________________

Lawyer:_________________________________________________________________
Accountant:______________________________________________________________

Broker:_________________________________________________________________
Next of Kin:_____________________________________________________________
_

XI. DVM Earthquake Plan

A. When an Earthquake Strikes

Remain calm and reassure others. Expect aftershocks, falling objects, injuries and damage.

If inside, stay there! – If outside, stay there!

Take cover and hold on. Protect head and face. Do not run.

Do not light a match or turn on a light switch. Use a flashlight. Emergency lighting could last as little as ten minutes.

Check for injuries. Administer first aid.

Check for fires.

Collect a moderate amount of cold water.

Clean up hazardous materials.

Evacuate if necessary. Where possible, help the injured evacuate.

Replace the telephone handset if it has fallen off. Do not use the telephone except in extreme emergencies.

Stay out of danger areas, e.g., around damaged buildings or downed power lines.

Report to your department’s marshaling area, and await instructions from your supervisor or Zone leader.

Respond to requests from civil defense officers, police, firefighting or relief organizations.

B. Earthquake Dangers

Falling objects
Swinging doors, glass from broken windows
Possible fires (electrical short circuits, ruptured gas lines, hot steam)
Electrical shock hazards (downed power lines, damaged electrical equipment)

C. Early Warning

There are some warning signs which you should be familiar with that indicate an earthquake is about to strike. If the following occur, employees should be directed to shut down all machines immediately, and prepare for the quake in the manner mentioned above.

Animals will begin to act abnormally and make a lot of noise. Birds will chirp loudly, dogs will bark, etc.
There will be a sonic boom or loud bang.
You will feel a low rumbling and vibration, followed by momentary silence. Then the violent shaking will occur.

D. Communications

Replace all telephone handsets, but do not use the phones unless you are reporting serious injuries or fires. The phones will be needed for intra-mill communications and emergency response. Do not phone home to check on loved ones, because the local telephone system could become overloaded and crash. Arrange with your family to have an out-of-town person whom everyone can contact.

E. 72 Hours on The Island

Because of the time it will take for emergency crews to extinguish fire and clear the roads, you should plan to spend 72 hours or more on Annacis Island. The mill will be notified when it is safe to leave the Island.

F. Resumption of Operations

The length of time before the mill will be able to resume operations will depend upon a number of factors:

The availability of supplies and water.
How quickly fuel and electricity are restored.
Machine damage and repair time.
Structural damage to the buildings
Whether there are enough uninjured workers.

To facilitate the timely resumption of operations, auxiliary records are to be kept in secure filing cabinets or in vaults. These records should be updated regularly so they remain current and useful in case computer records are lost or destroyed. It is the responsibility of each departmental supervisor to ensure that back-up records are safely stored, and kept up-to-date.

G. When on Shift

Personal safety – deal with your injuries first.

Assess your situation: injuries to self, treat if necessary; safe location, check for danger; ability to move around freely and safely; visual check of surrounding area – think safety

Safety of people around immediate area: assess location of others; assess injuries if any; assess the ability to move safely.

Establish first aid abilities and equipment: administer first aid to your best ability if necessary and if possible.

Go to safe marshalling area: stop machinery if necessary

Establish communications: try to communicate with other zones, command post; if there is no command post, set one up taking control.

XII. Command Post and Zones

General

In the event of an earthquake, a safe and secure area will be designated as a command post. The trailers located between Engineering and the main office is one possible location. All evacuation, search and rescue, and public relations functions will be directed from the command post.

The roll of Emergency Response Coordinator (ERC), whose duty it will be to lead the earthquake response efforts, will be the responsibility of senior management. In the event of their unavailability, the #2 Line supervisor will assume the role. The ERC will delegate responsibility (scouts) for conducting an initial assessment of the area t determine casualties, damage, and hazards (such as chemical spills, fire or natural gas leaks).

A “head count” should be completed as soon as possible and the ERC advised accordingly. It’s best to do this in a safe place such as the mill front Parking lot or your fire policy marshalling area.

The ERC will designate priorities, including encouraging the quick extinguishing of small fires, with larger ones to be referred to them. Resources will be directed accordingly.

The mill is divided into zones:

Zone 1 : Stock prep, steam plant, maintenance, yard and the #1 paper machine

Zone 2: Coater, lab, Supercalender, stores and the #2 paper machine

Zone 3: Front office, technical department, finishing room

Zone 4: Shipping, marketing, training center (In the evenings and weekends, Shipping will join Zone 3)

Each zone has a leader (the on-shift production supervisor) who communicates with the

command post via the mill radio (channel 2) and directs the activities of the employees in

his zone. The mill radio is to be used for emergency communications only.

First aid and triage may be handled in the cafeteria and the technical offices.

Depending on the severity f the damage, it may be preferable to handle first aid injuries

in the mill parking lot or carpenter shop. A temporary morgue may have to be

established.

Command Post Checklist

Establish location

Small fires extinguished

Head count/body count

First aid shelter and triage set up

Natural gas to be turned off, only if necessary (Steam plant, warehouse, coater building, #2 driveway main)

Main source of power to be turned off, only if necessary

Check propane sources and report damage and accessibility

Reassess damage, injured, location of command post and ensure all is safe

Rescue parties – 3 person crews

Obtain emergency supply kits (including mill maps) and control

Assess chemical spills and react accordingly

Establish a food and water source if possible

Seek mobile equipment and other equipment for possible use (see rescue equipment and supplies)

Seek out more radios and replace phone receivers (radios in cars can also be used.)

Prepare for dark

List other safe shelters available

Assemble fire fighting equipment (i.e., fire extinguishers and sources of non –drinkable water)

Counseling arranged, people calming each other.

Arrange sleep quarters/makeshift toilets if no sewers

Obtain utility (i.e. phone repair service 611). Pay phone 1-800-668-0201

Pay Phone locations: 1005 Derwent Way, 1188 Derwent Way (Versacold)

1108 parking lot west side of building, 1647 Derwent, 475 Derwent Place,

629 Orphan Annie’s, 1080 Clivedon (Frisco’s Place)

Plan recovery

Prepare a morgue area

XIII. Emergency Supplies

Three steel cabinets located in the finishing/folio area, the coater basement, and the #1 cover line building operator floor will be equipped with the following supplies, to be used only in an emergency situation:

13 five-person emergency bags
5 hard hats
5 emergency blankets
5 face shields
1 box of dust masks
1 roll duct tape
1 first aid kit
1 box waterproof matches
1 36-hour candle
3 nylon ropes
5 survival knives
5 flashlights
5 pairs latex gloves
5 work gloves
1 mill map
1 signal whistle
10 light sticks
1 radio with batteries

XIV. Emergency Food Supplies

In addition to our own cafeteria and vending machines, there are a number of places on Annacis Island that could provide DVM employees with food. Martin-Brower and Orphan Annie’s are the two closest food facilities that could be drawn on in an emergency.

Any food that is prone to spoilage should be eaten first.

XV. Rescue Equipment and Supplies

The following is an example of the types of rescue supplies available throughout the mill, and the locations where they can be found.

Axe 1 at Steam Plant

Bodyharness (full) Vessel entry closet, mtce. fall arrest cabinet, mill stores

Cable (30’ long) 1 at Mtce. tool crib

Chain (30’ long) 1 at Mtce. tool crib

Chain boy: ½ ton 4 at Mtce tool crib

1 ton 5 at Mtce tool crib

2 ton 1 at Mtce tool crib

3 ton 1 at Mtce tool crib

Cherry Picker (4000lb.) 1 at #1 PM basement

Come-along : ¾ ton 3 at Mtce tool crib

3 ton 3 at Mtce tool crib

6 ton 2 at Mtce tool crib

Crow bar 2 at Mtce tool crib

5’ crow bar 1 at Mtce tool crib

Emergency eye wash 2 at #2 PM

1 each at stock prep, #1 PM,. #2 lab, finishing room, coater, river pump house

Emergency tube containing :

rope 1 each at stock prep, maintenance, #2 PM

splint (long) 2 at stock prep

splint (short) 1 at stock prep

folding stretcher (aluminum) 1 each at stock prep, maintenance, #2 PM

first aid kit (small) 1 each at stock prep, maintenance, #2 PM

blanket 1 each at stock prep, maintenance, #2 PM

plastic tarp 1 each at stock prep, maintenance, #2 PM

First Aid kit (small) 1 each at first aid room, maintenance, main

office, marketing

Forklift various locations throughout mill

Grinder 4 at Mtce. tool crib

Jackhamme r 1 at Mtce tool crib

Ladder

6’step 1 at #1 PM basement

10’ step 2 at #1 PM basement

15’ aluminum 1 at steam plant

20’ step 1 at #1 PM basement

other ladders throughout mill

Life Jackets 4 at dock, 2 at mill stores

Oxygen kit 2 at first aid rm.

spare tanks 3 at first aid rm

airway kits 1 at first aid rm

bag 1 at first aid rm.

mask 1 each at first aid rm, #2 lab

Rope

2” diameter, 30’long 1 at Mtce. tool crib

nylon, 60’ long 2 at vessel entry closet

Safety Belt 6 at Mtce tool crib

Sledge hammer (15 lb) 2 at Mtce tool crib

Sling

2.5” wide, 12’ long 3 at Mtce tool crib

5” wide, 12’ long 1 at Mtce tool crib

Splints

long 7 at first aid rm.

short 10 at first aid rm.

aluminum 10 at first aid rm.

Stretchers

spine board 3 at first aid rm.

basket-type 1 each at first aid rm. stock prep, Mtce

folding (wood) 1 at first aid rm.

Stretchers – cont’d

folding (alum) 2 at first aid rm.

furley 2 at first aid rm.

wheeled 1 at first aid rm.

VXI. Major Earthquakes in the Past

Year Location of Epicentre Magnitude*

1872 Washington – BC border 7.4

1899 Yukon – Alaska border 8.0

1909 Gulf Islands 6.0

1910 Queen Charlottes 6.8

1918 Vancouver Island 7.0

1918 Revelstoke 6.0

1920 Gulf Islands 5.5

1929 Queen Charlottes 7.0

1946 Courtenay 8.1

1949 Washington 7.0

1958 Alaska – BC border 7.9

1964 Alaska 9.2

1970 Queen Charlottes 7.4

1976 Pender Island 5.4

* As measured on the Richter scale.

The next major earthquake to hit the Lower Mainland is expected to have a magnitude of 8 or greater.

Control Number:	OHS – Pol - 008	Revision:	1	Page 1 of 1
Status:	Approved	Effective Date:	December 2, 2003

NOT VALID 24 HOURS AFTER PRINTING.

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